动词

动词的种类

主语 + 完全不及物动词

1	He fainted

主语 + 不完全不及物动词 + 表语

1	He is a gentleman

主语 + 完全及物动词 + 宾语

1	I love her

主语 + 不完全及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语

1	He made me angery

主语 + 授予动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语

1	He gave me a book

判断动词为及物或不及物

我__他

他被我__

完全不及物动词vi.

主语 + vi.

1
2
3

something happened
something will happen
something has happened

主语 + be + vi.的现在分词(即V-ing)

1 2	something was happening 对 something was happened 错

由上可知，不及物动词，没有被动形式

完全及物动词vt.

加了宾语意思很完整的动词

完全及物动词出现的形态有四种

a. 主语 + vt. + 宾语

1	I wrote a book

b. 主语 + be + vt.的现在分词 + 宾语(正在….)

1	I was writing a book

c. 主语 + be + vt.的过去分词(被….)

1	The book was written by me

d. 主语 + be + being + vt.的过去分词(正在被….)

1	The book was being written by me

表意愿的动词应以不定式短语作宾语

常用的表‘意愿’的动词如下:

want, hope希望, wish希望, expect期望, long渴望, aspire渴望, desire渴望, refuse拒绝

三个一，两个希望，三个渴望

注意：anticipate亦表‘期待’，但仅可用动名词作其宾语

1
2
3

I except to see him again
= I anticipate seeing him again
= I'm looking forward to seeing him again

下列完全及物动词一律以动名词作宾语

consider考虑，imagine想象，enjoy喜欢，dislike不喜欢，resent痛恨，suggest建议，recommend建议，avoid避免，escape逃避，risk冒险，deny否认，admit承认，mind在乎，practice练习，finish完成，quit停止，戒除

下列动词可接不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义有别

1 2	forget to V 忘了要... forget V-ing 忘了曾...

1 2	remember to V 记得要... remember V-ing 记得曾...

1 2	regret to V 抱歉要 regret V-ing 后悔曾

1 2	stop to v 停下原有的工作以便从事... stop v-ing 停止做...

下列动词可用不定式或动名词作宾语，意思不变

continue继续，start开始，begin开始，like喜欢，love爱，hate恨

1 2	I'll continue to do it = I'll continue doing it

1 2	I love to sing = I love singing

不完全不及物动词

不完全不及物动词仍是不及物动词，唯意思不完全，因而不能单独存在

1 2	He become happy He become a good student

不完全不及物动词可分为四种

a. be动词

1）是：以名词，动名词，不定式，名词性从句，名词短语作表语

He is a great hero
The problem with him is that he has no courage
My hobby is singing
The question is when to set off
My goal is to be an English teacher

2）无意义：以形容词或形容词用的分词作表语

1
2
3

He is clever, while I am stupid
I was tired out after all the work
That girl is charming

3）正在…：与现在分词形成进行时

1 2	when he come, I was writing a letter I am studying now, please don't bother me

4）正在被…：与现在分词的被动语态(即being + 过去分词)形成被动进行时

b. 表‘变成’(become, turn, get,fall, go)的动词

become可用任何名词，形容词，或可作形容词用的分词(可译为…的)作表语

turn亦可表’变成’，通常只表‘颜色’或‘生气’的形容词作表语

1 2	Autumn is around the corner, and leaves are turn yellow His face turned pale at the sight of his father

get也可以表‘变成’，通常只用表‘生气’的形容词作表语

1	she got mad/angery when he learned that Mary was about to ditch him

get之后亦可以置过去分词，表‘受到/被…’

1	He got/was hurt in the traffic accident.

get用于进行时的结构中时，可用任何形容词的比较级作表语

1	Under Mr. Wang's guidance, John's English is getting better

fall表‘变成’时，仅限于与ill, sick, prey, victim等少数形容词或名词连用

1 2	fall ill = fall sick 生病 fall prey to ... = fall victim to ... 饱受...之害

go表‘变成’时，多与表‘生气’，食物‘坏掉’或‘破产’等形容词连用

1
2
3

go mad 变生气起来
go bad 食物馊了
go bankrupt 破产了

c. 表‘似乎’(seem)的动词

此类动词乃指seem或appear，均表’似乎‘，用法相同

1）seem之后用不定式短语作表语，由下列句型变化而成

1 2	it seems that he works hard =he seems to work hard

2）seem之后有to be时，to be可省略

1 2	it seems that they are nice people = they seem (to be) nice people

d. 感官动词

感官动词一共有五个，一律译为’…起来‘，后面接形容词作表语

look 看起来
sound 听起来
smell 闻起来
taste 尝起来
feel 感觉起来

在以上感官动词后加like方可接名词

1 2	The cloth feels like silk it sounds like a good idea

注意feel like之后也可接动名词，表’想要….‘

1	I feel like dancing

不完全及物动词

仍然是及物动词，但加了宾语后意思不完整，还需要加宾语补语

make 制造时是完全及物动词
He made a chair
make ‘使’或‘叫’时为不完全及物动词
He made Mary happy

不完全及物动词的种类

使役动词

1）叫…

1 2	make/have + 宾语 + 原形动词 = get + 宾语 + to v

2）让…

1 2	let + 宾语 + 原形动词 = allow/permit + 宾语 + to v

3）强迫/要求…

1	force/compel/require/ask/urge/encourage/want/tell/expect/wish... + 宾语 + to v

比你优秀的人都努力，有什么理由不努力！

赖世雄英语语法-第三章

动词